Ganglioneuroblastoma During Pregnancy †Case Report

Ganglioneuroblastoma During maternal quality Case ReportR ar episode of ganglioneuroblastoma during maternity case musical compositionAbstractGanglioneuroblastoma is a very r be neoplasm, especi tout ensembley in pregnancy. So far the association between this tumour and pregnancy has non been reported. We present a case of ganglioneuroblastoma turn at a third trimester large(predicate) woman.neurologicalal symptoms developed late, increased by the effects of pregnancy on the instinct neoplasm.Therapeutic management in this case represents a medical dilemma regarding mode setting and clock of voice communication, taking into account the maternal- foetal risk-benefit. In this case cesarean share section low general anesthesia was settled, with the motivation of postpartum straits tumor excision.Keywords ganglioneuroblastoma, pregnancy, discourse, cesarean delivery sectionIntroductionGanglioneuroblastoma is a neuroblastic tumor containing malignant elements characteri stic to neuroblastoma and kind elements found in ganglioneurinoma (1).Intracranial tumors are extremely out of date in pregnancy (2). By their rarity and their diagnosing in the last trimester of pregnancy, intracranial tumors have an increased risk of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. cranial tumors tend to increase and become symptomatic in the last trimester of pregnancy, the ca drills not being entirely known.Therefore any woman with an existing neurological actor should consult her obstetrician and her neurologist before she becomes pregnant (3). circumspection of these cases should evaluate whether the mothers and the fetuss lives are threatened. A multidisciplinary team recommends the optimal timing for the finis of pregnancy, as impelled by the fetus maturity and mothers neurological condition (4).The present study reports one case of pregnant women in the ternion trimester with ganglioneuroblastoma. The patient underwent caesarean section under general ane sthesia at 36 weeks gestation with fond postoperative evolution. So far, there are no well-established communications protocols regarding the management of intracranial tumors (especially ganglioneuroblastoma) in pregnant women.Case reportI.A., 20-year-old woman, G1P1L0, was admitted to our hospital due to flea-bitten, irregular uterine contractions in her 36th week of gestation. Patients history in 2005 the patient was diagnosed with castigate parietal lobe ganglioneuroblastoma. She had undergone procedure followed by radiochemotherapy and anticonvulsive therapy with phenytoin for about one year with gilt outcome. Six years following resection, the patient had no radiologic recurrence.The pregnant woman was taken out by a gynecologist in the foremost trimester of pregnancy, with the usual analyzes of pregnancy, ultrasound and regular prenatal checkups without objective neurological signs until the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.Therapeutic attitude assumed identification of neur ological symptoms in invest to determine the optimal treatment, maintaining a low fetal risk and move uncomplicated pregnancy until birth.MethodsInvestigation protocol included routine tests and imagery tests. Neurological interrogationination revealed vestibular syndrome and nystagmus which recommended line of business MRI.MRI conclusionsIn the right parietal lobe, postcentral, viewed a well-shaped image of 32mm in diameter, nongadolinium-enhanced, sequel looking. An area of oedema with irregular outline in white matter was surrounding it. In the right temporal lobe, adjacent to the sylvian seizure, in hyposignal T2 image showed a nodular-shaped tumor of about 7mm in diameter with discrete central heterogenity (gadolinium-enhanced). No perilesional oedema. ventricular system located on the midline.MRI based neurosurgical consultation has determined that the tumor was operable and stated the need of postpartum surgery (excision of the brain tumor).All fetal biometric paramete rs studied were below the 10th percentile for gestational age, showing a linear lessen with gestation until the end of pregnancy. The dispute between menstrual age and gestational age determined by ultrasound was 3 weeks and 3 years. Estimated fetal weight was 2420 g, which placed the sister in the 6th percentile. The amniotic fluid index was 7.5 cm, confirming the diagnosis of IUGR.The patient had received dexamethasone treatment with double purpose fetal lung maturation and reduced perilesional cerebral oedema in order to decrease focal neurological symptoms.The association between IUGR, repeated variable cardiotocography decelerations and brain tumor recurrence with emphasized neurological symptoms imposed urgent caesarean section.Medical committee composed of obstetrician, anesthesiologist, neurosurgeon and neonatologist decided caesarean section under general anesthesia, which was performed 5 days after the admission of the patient.ResultsA 20 year-old patient, I.A., known with operated and radiochemotreated ganglioneuroblastoma eight years earliar, with ongoing pregnancy (36 weeks) was admitted to our clinic for weak uterine contractions and associated neurological symptoms (vestibular syndrome, nystagmus, slightly right motor deficit). She followed a protocol of affinity tests, imaging and interdisciplinary consultations establishing the diagnosis of brain tumor, possible relapse of old pathology. Fetal biometry measurements and fetal biological parameters objectified the existence of fetal distress risk of premature birth or miscarriage. Those set the need for preoperative corticosteroid therapy (Dexamethasone) for lung maturation and perilesional brain oedema control and jot caesarean under general anesthesia.Caesarean section was performed 5 days after admission, without early nor late intraoperative and postoperative complications.It resulted an unique live feminine newborn, weighing 2670g, 9 Apgar, with physiological vital functions, not requ iring special follow-up. convalescence of the mother was complication-free with persistent, constant postoperative neurological symptoms.When discharged, the patient was recommended ambulatory neurosurgical exam to establish the opportunity of surgery targeting the brain tumor.DiscussionsGanglioneuroblastoma is a tumor of the benignant nervous system that arises from primitive sympathogonia and is composed of both mature gangliocytes and untried neuroblasts and has intermediate malignant potential (5). These tumors are rare. They occur in less than five out of one million children each year (6). Ganglioneuroblastomas are extremely rare in adults, with only about 50 cases attested in people over the age of 20, and only five cases notice in the adult brain (7). There are no reports of ganglioneuroblastoma presenting during pregnancy in medical literary works (8).Objectification of brain tumor by contrast MRI was necessary to establish the subsequent therapeutic management, althou gh in literature there are not enough studies to determine the safe use of contrast in pregnancy (9). MRI is probably the imaging symptomatic procedure of choice and should be performed when a brain tumor is surmise (10).Before pregnancy the patient was declared cured, as no clinical nor radiological tumor relapse existed for six years. It is likely that pregnancy-induced changes have a tumorigenic effect, due to several factors such as fluid retention, increased blood volume and hormonal changes (11). Pregnancy is an aggravating factor for brain tumours on which it acts by three mechanisms acceleration of tumor growth, increase of peritumoral oedema and the immunotolerance to remote tissue antigens that is proper to pregnancy (12). Normal physiological changes during the pregnancy, such as increased levels of gonadotropins and augmented fluid volume status may cannonball along the growth of some types of brain tumors (13).The combination of oligohydramnios and IUGR portends a le ss favorable outcome, and early delivery should be considered (14). Treatment of brain tumor in pregnancy requires an integrated multidisciplinary approach, which includes neurosurgery, ophthalmology, radiology, obstetrics, neonatal pediatrics (15).Indication for type of delivery is controversial. The best moment to recommend the craniotomy and the neurosurgical removal of the tumor will consider of the mothers neurological condition, the histological tumor type as well as the gestational age. In a study published in 2011, performed on 10 patients with brain tumors diagnosed during pregnancy, prior to craniotomy, five patients had caesarean sections, two others had vaginal deliveries, in three patients the delivery took place after the brain tumor treatment(16).The caesarean section was made under general anesthesia. Studies have shown that general anesthesia remains safe and dependable for operative delivery in parturients with intracranial tumor. Tracheal intubation allows matern al hyperventilation thereby controlling raise intracranial pressure. Hemodynamic stability is readily achieved to maintain cerebral perfusion (17).ConclusionsGanglioneuroblastoma is a rare brain tumor in childhood, and appears exceptionally in pregnant women.Pregnancy and brain tumor have mutual negative effect on the patient.Brain tumors that develop in pregnant women have to be diagnosed and assessed by means of MRI, although the effect of gadolinium contrast on the pregnancy is yet unbeknown(predicate) and needs further medical studies.The order of obstetrical an neurosurgical treatment of pregnant women with brain tumors requires an integrated multidisciplinary approach, including neurosurgery, radiology, obstetrics, neonatal pediatrics which have to assess all maternal-fetal risks and benefits.Lack of brain tumor reccurence 6 years after currative neurosurgical treatment was not enough to establish that the patient was cured. The patient suffered a brain tumor relapse 8 year s after brain surgery probably due to metabolic and hormonal changes induced by pregnancy.References1.Robertson H.E. mouse hare Ganglioneuroblastom ein besonederer Typus im System der Neurome. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat. 191563 147-1682. Pavlidis NA. Coexistence of pregnancy and malignancy. The Oncologist 20027 279-87.3. Carmel Armon, Stephen A Berman. Neurologic Disease and Pregnancy. Medscape reference 8 nov 20124. Ducray F, Colin P, Cartalat-Carel S, et al. Management of malignant gliomas diagnosed during pregnancy. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2006162 3229.5. Lonergan GJ, Schwab CM, Suarez ES, Carlson CL. Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2002 22 911-34.6. Linda J., Vorvick, MD and Yi-Bin Chen, MD. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD. A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Ganglioneuroblastoma Last reviewed February 7, 2012.7. 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