Timeline of Education

Time stage business of instruction History of American commandment Edu 324 Hernandez Karen Lane 4 border 2013 1647 The General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony decrees that every town of fifty families should restrain an elementary schooltime and that every town of c families should abide a Latin school. The goal is to ensure that Puritan children gyp to read the Bible and receive basic information about their Calvinistical religion. 1779 Thomas Jefferson proposes a two-track teaching methodal system, with different tracks in his words for the drive and the learned. Scholarship would allow a very few of the laboring path to advance, Jefferson says, by raking a few geniuses from the rubbish. 1785 The Continental Congress passes a equity calling for a survey of the Northwest Territory which included what was to perform the say of matter of Ohio. The law created townships, reserving a portion of each township for a local school. From these land grants eventually came the U. S. system of land grant universities, the state public universities that exist today. 1790Pennsylvania state constitution calls for free public bringing up but only for poor children. It is expected that rich heap leave behind pay for their childrens schooling. 1805 New York Public School Society formed by wealthy businessmen to provide reproduction for poor children. Schools are fountain on the Lancasterian model, in which one master can teach hundreds of students in a single room. The master gives a rote lesson to the older students, who thusly pass it down to the younger students. These schools emphasize discipline and obedience qualities that manufactory owners compliments in their workers. 817 A petition presented in the capital of Massachusetts townsfolk Meeting calls for establishing of a system of free public primary schools. of import support comes from local merchants, businessmen and wealthier artisans. Many wage earners oppose it, because they dont destiny to pay the taxes. 1820 First public high school in the U. S. , Boston English, opens. 1827 Massachusetts passes a law making all grades of public school open to all pupils free of charge. 1830s By this time, most southern states have laws forbidding teaching people in slavery to read.Even so, around 5 percent become literate at great personal risk. 1820-1860 3. 1 million immigrants develop a number equal to one ordinal of the entire U. S. population. Owners of industry needed a docile, obedient workforce and account to public schools to provide it. 1837 Horace Mann becomes head of the newly formed Massachusetts suppose Board of Education. Edmund Dwight, a study industrialist, thinks a state board of education was so important to factory owners that he offered to supplement the state honorarium with extra money of his own. 840s Over a million Irish immigrants arrive in the United States. Irish Catholics in New York City difference of opinion for local neighborhood ap ply of schools as a way of preventing their children from world force-fed a Protestant curriculum. 1848 Massachusetts Reform School at Westboro opens, where children who have refused to attend public schools are sent. This begins a long tradition of improve schools, which combine the education and juvenile justice systems. 1851 State of Massachusetts passes start its compulsory education law.The goal is to make sure that the children of poor immigrants set civilized and learn obedience and restraint, so they make good workers and dont take to social upheaval. 1865-1877 African Americans mobilize to bring public education to the southerly for the archetypical time. After the Civil War, and with the legal end of slavery, African Americans in the South make alliances with black-and-blue Republicans to push for many political changes, including for the first time rewriting state constitutions to guarantee free public education.In practice, white children benefit more than Black children. 1893-1913 Size of school boards in the countrys 28 biggest cities is cut in half. Most local district (or ward) base positions are eliminated, in favor of city-wide elections. This means that local immigrant communities lose control of their local schools. Makeup of school boards changes from small local businessmen and both(prenominal) wage earners to professionals (like doctors and lawyers), big businessmen and other members of the richest classes. 1896 Plessy v.Ferguson decision. The U. S. Supreme Court rules that the state of Louisiana has the right to require separate but equal railway line cars for Blacks and whites. This decision means that the federal government officially recognizes segregation as legal. One result is that southern states pass laws requiring racial segregation in public schools. 1905 The U. S. Supreme Court requires California to extend public education to the children of Chinese immigrants. 1917 Smith-Hughes coiffure passes, providing federal funding for vocational education.Big manufacturing corporations push this, because they want to remove job skill training from the apprenticeship programs of trade unions and bring it at a lower place their own control. 1924 An act of Congress makes Native Americans U. S. citizens for the first time. 1930-1950 The NAACP brings a series of suits over incommensurate teachers pay for Blacks and whites in southern states. At the equal time, southern states realize they are losing African American labor to the blue cities. These two sources of pressure resulted in some increase of expending on Black schools in the South. 1932A survey of 150 school districts reveals that three canton of them are using questionable intelligence testing to place students in different academic tracks. 1945 At the end of World War 2, the G. I. post horse of Rights gives thousands of working class men college scholarships for the first time in U. S. history. 1948 educational auditioning Service is fo rmed, merging the College Entrance Examination Board, the Cooperative Test Service, the Graduate Records Office, the National Committee on Teachers Examinations and others, with huge grants from the Rockefeller and Carnegie foundations.These testing function continued the work of eugenicists like Carl Brigham (originator of the SAT) who did research proving that immigrants were feeble-minded. 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. The Supreme Court unanimously agrees that segregated schools are inherently unequal and must be abolished. Almost 45 years later in 1998, schools, especially in the north, are as segregated as ever. 1957 A federal court orders integration of Little Rock, Arkansas public schools. regulator Orval Faubus sends his National Guard to physically prevent nine African American students from enrolling at all-white Central High School.Reluctantly, President Eisenhower sends federal troops to put on the court order non because he supports desegregation, but b ecause he cant permit a state governor use military power to turn down the U. S. federal government. 1968 African American parents and white teachers clash in the ocean Hill-Brownsville area of New York City, over the issue of community control of the schools. Teachers go on strike, and the community organizes freedom schools while the public schools are closed. 1974 Milliken v. Bradley. A Supreme Court made up of Richard Nixons appointees rules that schools may not be desegregated across school districts.This effectively legally segregates students of color in inner-city districts from white students in wealthier white suburban districts. Late 1970s The so-called taxpayers revolt leads to the passage of overture 13 in California, and copy-cat measures like Proposition 2-1/2 in Massachusetts. These propositions freeze property taxes, which are a major source of funding for public schools. As a result, in 20 years California drops from first in the nation in per-student spending in 1978 to number 43 in 1998. 1980sThe federal Tribal Colleges Act establishes a community college on every Indian reservation, which allows young people to go to college without leaving their families. 1994 Proposition 187 passes in California, making it illegal for children of unregistered immigrants to attend public school. Federal courts hold Proposition 187 unconstitutional, but anti-immigrant persuasion spreads across the country. Resources Applied Research Center 2012, Historical Timeline of Public Education in the US Retrieved from http//www. arc. rg/content/view/100/217/ Gaither, M. 2011 History of American Education Chapters two through eight of book Retrieved from https//content. ashford. edu/books/AUHIS324. 11. 1/ Morgan A Time Rime, Influential Events in the History of American Education Retrieved from http//timerime. com/en/event/1386863/Latin+Grammar+School/ Sass, Edmund College of Saint Benedict/Saint Johns University American Educational History A Hypertext Time line 2013 Retrieved from http//www. eds-resources. com/educationhistorytimeline. html