Alcohol Related Problems

IntroductionAlcohol re youthfuld problems is one of at onces contemporary issues, as on that point be studies that suggest that call equal to(p) to intoxi bunst link up problems there be various impacts that it send a federal agency pick out to an case-by-case, and it fucking include companionable disablements and any(prenominal) anti well-disposed behaviour, such as inebriant fuelled delirium. This literature offervass matter explore the schoolman readings, that military service assist identity make out issues relating to a criminology perspective of intoxicant tie in problems. Ergo, based on former(prenominal) research from the academic readings this literature refreshen will explore ginmill strategies that serving drop social harm to the individual and the lodge, and also the consequences that inebriant can trey to. Also, this literature review, has place gaps deep down the academic sources. The gaps that solely the sources birth in common wo uld be, the rehearse of education and intervention for the individuals on inebriant colligate problems to control execrable behaviours before it is too late and also, the pretermit of numeric statistics and leavens reenforcement the academic sources.Benefits of the Literature ReviewBy analysing the academic sources, it can assist in gaining proper companionship of the effects that inebriant can lead to and the barroom strategies that are able to prevent and reduce social harm to the individual and community from the injure of alcohol. Ergo, this literature review will benefit assignment three as it is able to give a proper lowstanding of alcohol think to problems within areas, such as Manly.Consequences of Alcohol link up ProblemsThe Australian checkup Association (2012) mentions that most Australians, curiously the youths within society are beverage in a way that puts their own health at risk, which begins win harm to themselves and others much or less them . Morgan and McAtamney (2009), come up and Graham (2003), Dearden and Payne (2009), Dawe, Harnett and Frye (2008) and the ministerial Council on dose Strategy (2001), all baffle a common idea of the events of consequences that submit the use of alcohol associate problems. The similarities of theseliterature articles has shown that the consequences, master(prenominal)ly involve alcohol tie in emphasis within the community and within the family. Alcohol-related nuisance and put out can score a huge impact on the perceptions of hatred and safety among the broader community, ergo do the community fearing for their safety (Morgan& angstromMcAtamney, 2009). base on the literature sources, the main consequences of alcohol related problems involve the pastimeFirstly, according to the 2007 national do drugs strategy household (AIHW, 2008), it highlights that thirteen pctage of Australians are made to whole step fearful by soulfulness on a lower floor the determine of alc ohol and almost v percent of Australians aged above cardinal historic period old sustain been forciblely demoralised by someone chthonian the influence of alcohol. However, not all alcohol related violence are all physical, statistics retain shown that one in four Australian victims of alcohol related violence have been verbally maltreatmentd and neglected (Morgan&McAtamney, 2009).Further much, alcohol is the main savvy of the occurring domestic violence and pip-squeak abuse and neglect within the Australian household (Dawe, Harnett&Frye, 2008). This can be back up by Dube et. al. (2001) stating that child abuse from those parents who misuse or abuse alcohol are more likely to be subjected to various forms of physical and verbal abuse. From the research, it provides an evidence that from the mistreatment of children, especially those who were victims of physical abuse and neglect, are more likely to offend subsequently in their lives due to the idea of the victims having a high exposure to alcohol in their lives and create a rhythm method of alcoholic problems.Secondly, Dearden and Payne (2009) and Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2001) has suggested that, violence that is fuelled by the alcohol consumption can lead to homicide. According to the National Homicide observe Programs database, it express that around half of forty-seven percent of all homicides within Australia in 2000-2006 were alcohol related (Dearden&Payne, 2009). Thus, most of these homicides have concluded that both the wrongdoer and victim were intoxicated. In contrast, Wallace (1986) believes that alcohol is not the direct link to homicide, provided is in fact encourages the wrongdoer to offend. Findings have shown that there are static on-going debates on whether or not alcohol consumptions are the direct causeof homicide or if it is just the aggression of the offender from consuming alcohol. In regards to Wallace (1986) their think arguments are very weak and prejudice as there are no formal evidence supporting their claim. However, either way as a consequence, alcohol consumption could lead to homicide.Prevention strategies on Alcohol Related ProblemsAccording to the adjacent literature, it has shown that there have been many a(prenominal) crime streak, which are normally enforced by the police force force enforcement and un righteousnessful justice system. All of the following academic readings share similar notions of the alcohol related crime saloon and polity makings to be able to reduce social harm involving the individual and their community.Policy making by stakeholders, involve the overture and availability of alcohol can help reduce the alcohol related problems occurring to the individual and their community. Ergo, the Liquor make a motion legislation prohibits the supply of alcohol to individuals chthonic the age of 18 long time old (Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy, 2001 McMurran, 2012). Thus, alcohol sup pliers are to thoroughly cow chip identification of the individual and if the individual who is chthonic the age of 18 years old, holds and shows fake identification, law enforcement whitethorn be involved, as strict penalties for infringements accept, which could result in going to court or receiving a ok. In contrast,Trim, Leuthe and Chassin (2006) argues that not all alcohol purchases are made by those who are under 18 years old but the individuals may ask an prominent who could be a relative or a stranger, to help them happen the alcohol.Furthermore, the findings have proven that individuals can find a way around policies, in regards to the access and availability to alcohol, however, there are no evidence to future validate this argument. In addition, to make this approach to be more effective in the future, there should be surveillance cameras outdoor(a) the stock to watch out for any negative activity. Also, to decrease the quirkiness of alcohol for children, law enf orcement and education should work together in preventing alcohol related problems and stop the cycle. For example, the use of Healthy Harold during school, to educate the children on the consequences of alcohol.Similarly, Robert, Ammerman, Peggy, Ott, Ralph and Tarter (1999) and Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2001) agree that in regards to the development of police initiatives stochastic breath testing is a successful crime prevention in road crashes, as it motivates the individual to drink responsibly. This can be supported by the reduction of the alcohol involved crashes on the roadstead (Homel, 1988). From the readings, this is ordinarily because the individuals do not want to be caught and be financially and emotionally strained. However, this policy is through police discretion and power. It is up to the law enforcement agencies, in regards to whether or not the individual should be arrested or fine (McMurran, 2012).Thus, this type of prevention strategy inevitably t o be committed by the law enforcement in order to keep the road safe from those under the influence of alcohol, or else there would be no use for the policy and rather create more chaos on roads. Hence, to avoid the lack of perpetration from the law enforcement agencies there should be proper training and licences to protect members of the community from alcohol related problems.ConclusionThis literature review has highlighted the consequences of alcohol and the strategies to help prevent and reduce social harm to the community and the individual. Through the findings of the crime prevention of alcohol related crimes, it has shown it is not as effective. Thus, it has shown that there needs to be a new approach on alcohol related problems. Ergo, any changes involving the criminal justice strategies are most likely to succeed. Furthermore, it is of the essence(p) to apply formal and informal controls in regards to the misuse of alcohol and baffling behaviours. Overall, there were gaps within the academic readings used in this literature review, nevertheless, it has assumption a better understanding of different point of views, in regards of alcohol related problems in a criminology perspective.Alcohol Related ProblemsIntroductionAlcohol related problems is one of todays contemporary issues, as there are studies that suggest that due to alcohol related problems there are various impacts that it can have to an individual, and it can include social harms and any antisocial behaviour, such as alcohol fuelled violence. This literature review will explore the academic readings, that help assist identity key issues relating to a criminology perspective of alcohol related problems. Ergo, based on past research from the academic readings this literature review will explore prevention strategies that help reduce social harm to the individual and the community, and also the consequences that alcohol can lead to.Also, this literature review, has identified gaps within the academic sources. The gaps that all the sources have in common would be, the use of education and intervention for the individuals on alcohol related problems to control criminal behaviours before it is too late and also, the lack of numeric statistics and evidences supporting the academic sources.Benefits of the Literature ReviewBy analysing the academic sources, it can assist in gaining proper knowledge of the effects that alcohol can lead to and the prevention strategies that are able to prevent and reduce social harm to the individual and community from the misuse of alcohol. Ergo, this literature review will benefit assignment three as it is able to give a proper understanding of alcohol related problems within areas, such as Manly.Consequences of Alcohol Related ProblemsThe Australian Medical Association (2012) mentions that most Australians, especially the youths within society are drinking in a way that puts their own health at risk, which causes further harm to themselv es and others around them. Morgan and McAtamney (2009), Wells and Graham (2003), Dearden and Payne (2009), Dawe, Harnett and Frye (2008) and the Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2001), all have a common idea of the types of consequences that involve the use of alcohol related problems.The similarities of theseliterature articles has shown that the consequences, mainly involve alcohol related violence within the community and within the family. Alcohol-related crime and disorder can have a huge impact on the perceptions of crime and safety among the broader community, ergo making the community fearing for their safety (Morgan&McAtamney, 2009). Based on the literature sources, the main consequences of alcohol related problems involve the followingFirstly, according to the 2007 national drug strategy household (AIHW, 2008), it highlights that thirteen percent of Australians are made to feel fearful by someone under the influence of alcohol and almost five percent of Australians aged above fourteen years old have been physically abused by someone under the influence of alcohol. However, not all alcohol related violence are all physical, statistics have shown that one in four Australian victims of alcohol related violence have been verbally abused and neglected (Morgan&McAtamney, 2009).Furthermore, alcohol is the main reason of the occurring domestic violence and child abuse and neglect within the Australian household (Dawe, Harnett&Frye, 2008). This can be supported by Dube et. al. (2001) stating that child abuse from those parents who misuse or abuse alcohol are more likely to be subjected to various forms of physical and verbal abuse. From the research, it provides an evidence that from the mistreatment of children, especially those who were victims of physical abuse and neglect, are more likely to offend later in their lives due to the idea of the victims having a high exposure to alcohol in their lives and create a cycle of alcoholic problems.Sec ondly, Dearden and Payne (2009) and Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2001) has suggested that, violence that is fuelled by the alcohol consumption can lead to homicide. According to the National Homicide Monitoring Programs database, it stated that around half of forty-seven percent of all homicides within Australia in 2000-2006 were alcohol related (Dearden&Payne, 2009). Thus, most of these homicides have concluded that both the offender and victim were intoxicated. In contrast, Wallace (1986) believes that alcohol is not the direct link to homicide, but is in fact encourages the offender to offend.Findings have shown that there are still on-going debates on whether or not alcohol consumptions are the direct causeof homicide or if it is just the aggression of the offender from consuming alcohol. In regards to Wallace (1986) their concluding arguments are very weak and bias as there are no formal evidence supporting their claim. However, either way as a consequence, alcohol consumption could lead to homicide.Prevention strategies on Alcohol Related ProblemsAccording to the following literature, it has shown that there have been many crime prevention, which are usually enforced by the law enforcement and criminal justice system. All of the following academic readings share similar notions of the alcohol related crime prevention and policy makings to be able to reduce social harm involving the individual and their community.Policy making by stakeholders, involve the access and availability of alcohol can help reduce the alcohol related problems occurring to the individual and their community. Ergo, the Liquor Act legislation prohibits the supply of alcohol to individuals under the age of 18 years old (Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy, 2001 McMurran, 2012). Thus, alcohol suppliers are to thoroughly check identification of the individual and if the individual who is under the age of 18 years old, holds and shows fake identification, law enforcement may be involved, as strict penalties for infringements apply, which could result in going to court or receiving a fine.In contrast,Trim, Leuthe and Chassin (2006) argues that not all alcohol purchases are made by those who are under 18 years old but the individuals may ask an adult who could be a relative or a stranger, to help them obtain the alcohol. Furthermore, the findings have proven that individuals can find a way around policies, in regards to the access and availability to alcohol, however, there are no evidence to future validate this argument.In addition, to make this approach to be more effective in the future, there should be surveillance cameras outside the store to watch out for any negative activity. Also, to decrease the curiosity of alcohol for children, law enforcement and education should work together in preventing alcohol related problems and stop the cycle. For example, the use of Healthy Harold during school, to educate the children on the consequences of alcoho l.Similarly, Robert, Ammerman, Peggy, Ott, Ralph and Tarter (1999) and Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2001) agree that in regards to the development of police initiatives random breath testing is a successful crime prevention in road crashes, as it motivates the individual to drink responsibly. This can be supported by the reduction of the alcohol involved crashes on the roads (Homel, 1988). From the readings, this is usually because the individuals do not want to be caught and be financially and emotionally strained.However, this policy is through police discretion and power. It is up to the law enforcement agencies, in regards to whether or not the individual should be arrested or fine (McMurran, 2012). Thus, this type of prevention strategy needs to be committed by the law enforcement in order to keep the road safe from those under the influence of alcohol, or else there would be no use for the policy and instead create more chaos on roads. Hence, to avoid the lack of comm itment from the law enforcement agencies there should be proper training and licences to protect members of the community from alcohol related problems.ConclusionThis literature review has highlighted the consequences of alcohol and the strategies to help prevent and reduce social harm to the community and the individual. Through the findings of the crime prevention of alcohol related crimes, it has shown it is not as effective. Thus, it has shown that there needs to be a new approach on alcohol related problems. Ergo, any changes involving the criminal justice strategies are most likely to succeed.Furthermore, it is important to apply formal and informal controls in regards to the misuse of alcohol and problematic behaviours. Overall, there were gaps within the academic readings used in this literature review, nevertheless, it has given a better understanding of different point of views, in regards of alcohol related problems in a criminology perspective.