'Coping With Change Essay\r'

'P1- Discuss chemical elements which affect the ripening of self-esteem M1- Comp atomic number 18 two theories of self-esteem which support to our makeing of self-concept The NHS define self-esteem as beingness the opinion each some superstar has of themselves. NHS, (2015). It is the self-image and self †abide by of an soulfulness’s perception of themselves. Roshahl.c, (2008). This assignment is exit to discuss the six factors that affect self-esteem. These factors atomic number 18 the offshoot promoting humor, the smell supply self, self-actualisation, ego identity operator, mixer identity and fin all(prenominal)y, the constructing of self-concept. Maslow stated that slew be motivated to give certain inevitably. When one need is fulfilled a somebody seeks to fulfil the nigh one, and so on. Maslow, (1943).\r\nThe self-actualisation possible action was created by Maslow in 1943. This possibleness is based on the power structure of need. This surmise is an ongoing process. This system is non something which is aimed for by a mortal, instead it’s something you do. In supplement to this, the guess is not restricted to psyche(a)s; anyone is sufficient to execute this power structure of inevitably. The power structure is made up of levels these levels be; physio sensible take, safety needs, cope and be needs, esteem needs and finally, is all of the above argon achieved, according to Maslow they ar able to then relegate self-actualisation. Maslowski.R.M, Morgan.L, (1973). The stolon give of this scheme is the biological and physiological needs, in order to achieve this a psyche moldiness have the basic needs of living, they are; air, food, fluids, shelter, warmth, shelter, warmth and sleep.\r\nThe safety needs of the hierarchy embarrass protection from elements, security, order, law, stability and finally freedom fear. The making love and belongingness salute of Maslow’s possibility requires fr iendship, intimacy, affection and love from operate colleagues, family, friends and romantic relationships. McGuire.K.J, (2012) pp281. The fourth interpret of the hierarchy of needs is the esteem of needs, to achieve this stage an individual must experience achievement, prestige, self-concept, statues, dominance, mastery, self-concept and respect from otherwises.\r\nThe final stage is the self-actualisation. This stage involves realising someoneal potential, self-fulfilment, seeking individual yield and peak experiences. Maslow states that without achieving the first four stages, self-actualisation privynot be achieved. The bit theory is Erickson’s self-importance theory. This is some other theory which is based on stages. Erickson’s theory rivetes on the eight stages of intent starting with infant and covering with honest-to-goodnesser age. The theory is a lifespan modeling of development taking in five stages up to the age of 18 long time gray-headed and iii further stages beyond the age of 18 and into adulthood. each(prenominal) stage has a conflict, resolution and a cumilation in age these will all be presented in the table below.\r\nAge\r\nConflict\r\nResolution\r\nCumiliation in age\r\nInfancy\r\n0-1 historic period old\r\n grassroots trust vs. mistrust\r\nHope\r\nAppreciation of independency and relatedness\r\nEarly childhood 1-3 grades old\r\nAutonomy vs. discredit\r\nWill\r\nAcceptance of cycle of life from desegregation to disintegration\r\nPlay age 3-6 years old\r\nInitiative vs. Guilty\r\nPurposely\r\nHumour, empathy and resilience\r\n coach age 6-12 years old\r\nIndustry vs. lower status\r\nCompetence\r\nHumiliation, acceptance of the course of one’s life and unfulfilled hopes\r\nAdolescences\r\n12-19 years olds\r\nIdentity vs. awe\r\nFidelity\r\n whiz of complexity of relationships, values of substance and loving freely\r\nEarly Adult\r\n20-25 years\r\nIntimacy vs. Love isolation\r\nLove\r\nSense of co mplexity of life; merging of sensory logical and aesthetic perception\r\nAdulthood 26-64 years old\r\nGenerative vs. Care stagnation\r\nCare\r\nCaritas, care for others, empathy and concern\r\nOld age\r\n65 years old -death\r\nIntegrity vs. Despair\r\nWisdom\r\n empirical identity, a palpate of integrity strong full to withstand physical disintegration\r\nThe growth promoting climate theory suggests that a individual requires a supporting environment that encourages an individual to grow positively. The theorist of this theory is Carl Rogers. The growth promoting climate theory is a person centred approach. The purpose of the person centred approach is to change, understand temperament as substantially as human relationship. Jones.R.N, (2010) PP102. harmonise to Carl Rogers, a positive involves diversity, empowerment which means to pull up stakes the individual to grow and achieve. Other factors which are undeniable to create a positive environment is leave communication, freedom and the capability to reach their full potential. However, without a positive environment, the growing promotion climate theory cannot be achieves. The looking glass self theory looks at how an individual views themselves. The theorist of this theory is Horton Cooley. The looking glass self is another theory that is detached into stages. This theory is made up of three stages.\r\nThe first stage id that a person imagines how they are comprehend and viewed by others. The second stage of the looking glass theory is when a person imagines how they are judged by others and this is based and concluded by the first stage of the theory which is how a person imagines they are perceived by another individual. The final stage of this theory is the experiencing of a type of feeling or reception to the staged in one and two. Gbadebo.S.A, (2011), pp124. For example a person whitethorn believe that they are perceived as being polite and friendly to another individual. This would be th e first stage of the theory (imaging how they are perceived by others). This would consequently lead to the individual imagining they are judged in a positive fair and a well-mannered individual. This would be the second stage of the theory (the way in which a person imagines they are judged by others). The way in which an individual acts towards them would determine the opinion they have of them. Gbadebo.S.A, (2011), pp124.\r\nIf a person who is isolated in a situation is judged to be a polite friendly individual they are more likely to make friends as they may give off a friendly shaking encouraging people to want to engage with them until now if they were perceived as being rude and arrogant, other may not want to associate or include the individual in their conversation and may even think the individual is purposely isolate themselves from the situation. The Social identity theory was created by Henri Tajfel in 1979. He proposed that groups which people belonged to were an i mportant source of reserve and self-esteem. These groups may be a person’s kindly class family or a person’s choice of football team. Groups give individuals a sense of identity and sense of belonging to the hearty world. Burke.P.j, (2009).\r\nThis theory focuses on how we perceive and make sense of each other. This helps with the construction of society and culture. This theory suggests that people are interested in the information of others much(prenominal) as their beliefs, intentions and affiliations. Tajfel. H, (2010). This enables a person to interpret and understand the words and actions of another person as well as their decision makings. This also allows a request of a person’s future. The final factor that affects a person’s self-esteem is the constructing of self-theory. A sense of self or personhood, of what kind of person one is. Identities always involve both sameness and difference, (2000) Penguin Dictionary. ‘Identity is about belonging, about what you have in common with some people and what oppositeiates you from others. At its or so basic it gives you a sense of personal location, the permanent core to individuality. But it is also about your social relationships, your complex involvement with others’ (1996).\r\nThis theory consists of three main arguments they are; We are born with our identities; identities and culturally and historically dependent, identities are fluid and fragmented and are a result of conscious and unconscious thought and emotion (affective attachment to particular identities). This theory consists of sources of identity, they are gender, age, sexuality, ethnicity, social class, consumption, employment, roles and responsibility, family networks, friendships, use of technology, politics, leisure activities and finally the body. All of the discussed theories are all contributing factors to the development of person’s self-esteem. All of which explain have a differ ent understanding. Some were evidently based on the needs of an individual in order to live such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, others focused on the different stages of life a person experiences such as Erickson’s eight stages of life. M1- The aim of this conterminous task is to compare two theories of self-esteem which stick out to our understanding of self-concept.\r\nThe two theories this assignment is going to focus on are Erickson’s eight stages of life theory and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The first likeness of these two theories is that they are both broken kill into stages however Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is divide into five stages Maslow. A.H, (2013) whereas, Erickson’s life stages are break off into six. The different number of stages is on difference mingled with the two theories. A further difference amongst the two theories is that Erickson’s stages are based on the stages of life ev ery individual experiences. Therefore the theory can be easily generalised to all individuals during a specific age group. In addition to this, Erickson’s ego theory is structured in a timeline of stages. However, the stages of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are the requirements needed in life such as warmth, shelter, love and family. Rakowski.N, (2011).\r\nTherefore Erickson’s theory focuses on experience whereas Maslow’s theory focuses on the needs of an individual and the goals of achievement of an individual. An additional difference amid Maslow’s and Erickson’s theory is that Maslow states that without successfully achieving one stage a person cannot proceed to achieve the next stage preventing a person for achieving actualisation. Erickson’s eight stages of life are experienced by all individuals throughout their life span and therefore all stages are experienced and unresolved stages can be resolved in later stages in life. Tiffa ny.L, (2014). Erickson’s ego theory focuses on psychosocial stages whereas Maslows hierarchy theory focused on the needs of an individual. The year the two theories were developed is another comparison, Erickson’s self-importance theory was developed in 1950 whereas Maslow’s hierarchy theory was developed in 1943.\r\nErickson’s egotism theory has an overall finishing point which is when an individual achieves self-actualisations whereas Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a unceasing cycle which continues until a person reach death. Tiffany.L, (2014). A final comparison of the two theories is that Erickson’s Ego theory was influenced by a theory which already existed; this was Freud’s theory regarding the structure and topography of personality. Maslow’s hierarchy theory on the other handed was an protracted version of his own work rather than the work of others. Chapman, (2001). Both the theories of Abraham Maslow and Eric Eric kson support the use of human response assessment in the experimental and behavioural perspectives. Mcleod.S. Erickson’s eight stages of life also identifies task which must be achieved at each stage and as well as to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, if these tasks are not achieved, a person cannot proceed successfully achieve the next task.\r\nReference Page\r\nNHS, (2015).\r\nInterpersonal growth and self-actualisation in groups, Maslowski.r.m, Morgan.L, (1973). Text book of basic nursing, Roshahl.c, (2008).\r\n(2000) Penguin Dictionary of Sociology.\r\nMaslow’s hierarchy of needs. An introduction, McGuire.K.J, (2012), pp281 Theory and practice of counselling and therapy, Jones.R.N, (2010) PP102. travel into the looking glass, Gbadebo.S.A, (2011), pp124.\r\nIdentity theory, Burke.P.j, (2009).\r\nSocial identity and intergroup relations, Tajfel. H, (2010)\r\nA theory of human motivation, Maslow. A.H, (2013)\r\nMaslow’s hierarchy of needs model, Rakowski.N , (2011).\r\nErik Erickson, psychological stages simply psychology, Mcleod.S. Chapman, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (2001).\r\nTiffany.L,, Erickson and Maslow, compare and contrast (2014).\r\n'